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1 lead-chamber process
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invert dot process — травление по способу «изменяемой точки»
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > lead-chamber process
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The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > lead-chamber process
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4 lead chamber process
Техника: камерный процесс -
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1) Техника: процесс в свинцовой камере -
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Англо русский политехнический словарь > lead-chamber process
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<chem.proc> ■ Bleikammerverfahren n -
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English-Ukrainian analytical chemistry dictionary > lead-chamber process
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Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > lead-chamber process
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metoda komorowa otrzymywania H2S04English-Polish dictionary for engineers > lead chamber process
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English-Russian dictionary of chemistre > lead-chamber process
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• камерен процес за производство на сярна киселинаEnglish-Bulgarian polytechnical dictionary > lead-chamber process
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13 lead chamber process
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14 камерний процес
Українсько-англійський словник з аналітичної хімії > камерний процес
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15 metoda komorowa otrzymywania H2S04
• lead chamber processSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > metoda komorowa otrzymywania H2S04
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16 камерен процес за производство на сярна киселина
lead-chamber processlead-chamber processesБългарски-Angleščina политехнически речник > камерен процес за производство на сярна киселина
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17 Roebuck, John
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 1718 Sheffield, Englandd. 17 July 1794[br]English chemist and manufacturer, inventor of the lead-chamber process for sulphuric acid.[br]The son of a prosperous Sheffield manufacturer, Roebuck forsook the family business to pursue studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. There he met Dr Joseph Black (1727–99), celebrated Professor of Chemistry, who aroused in Roebuck a lasting interest in chemistry. Roebuck continued his studies at Leyden, where he took his medical degree in 1742. He set up in practice in Birmingham, but in his spare time he continued chemical experiments that might help local industries.Among his early achievements was his new method of refining gold and silver. Success led to the setting up of a large laboratory and a reputation as a chemical consultant. It was at this time that Roebuck devised an improved way of making sulphuric acid. This vital substance was then made by burning sulphur and nitre (potassium nitrate) over water in a glass globe. The scale of the process was limited by the fragility of the glass. Roebuck substituted "lead chambers", or vessels consisting of sheets of lead, a metal both cheap and resistant to acids, set in wooden frames. After the first plant was set up in 1746, productivity rose and the price of sulphuric acid fell sharply. Success encouraged Roebuck to establish a second, larger plant at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. He preferred to rely on secrecy rather than patents to preserve his monopoly, but a departing employee took the secret with him and the process spread rapidly in England and on the European continent. It remained the standard process until it was superseded by the contact process towards the end of the nineteenth century. Roebuck next turned his attention to ironmaking and finally selected a site on the Carron river, near Falkirk in Scotland, where the raw materials and water power and transport lay close at hand. The Carron ironworks began producing iron in 1760 and became one of the great names in the history of ironmaking. Roebuck was an early proponent of the smelting of iron with coke, pioneered by Abraham Darby at Coalbrookdale. To supply the stronger blast required, Roebuck consulted John Smeaton, who c. 1760 installed the first blowing cylinders of any size.All had so far gone well for Roebuck, but he now leased coal-mines and salt-works from the Duke of Hamilton's lands at Borrowstonness in Linlithgow. The coal workings were plagued with flooding which the existing Newcomen engines were unable to overcome. Through his friendship with Joseph Black, patron of James Watt, Roebuck persuaded Watt to join him to apply his improved steam-engine to the flooded mine. He took over Black's loan to Watt of £1,200, helped him to obtain the first steam-engine patent of 1769 and took a two-thirds interest in the project. However, the new engine was not yet equal to the task and the debts mounted. To satisfy his creditors, Roebuck had to dispose of his capital in his various ventures. One creditor was Matthew Boulton, who accepted Roebuck's two-thirds share in Watt's steam-engine, rather than claim payment from his depleted estate, thus initiating a famous partnership. Roebuck was retained to manage Borrowstonness and allowed an annuity for his continued support until his death in 1794.[br]Further ReadingMemoir of John Roebuck in J.Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 4 (1798), pp. 65–87.S.Gregory, 1987, "John Roebuck, 18th century entrepreneur", Chem. Engr. 443:28–31.LRD -
18 камерный процесс
1) Engineering: lead chamber process2) Oil: chamber process -
19 Bleikammerverfahren
n <chem.verf> (Schwefelsäuregewinnung) ■ lead-chamber process; chamber process -
20 Ward, Joshua
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 1685d. 21 November 1761 London, England[br]English doctor and industrial chemist.[br]Ward is perhaps better described as a "quack" than a medical doctor. His remedies, one containing a dangerous quantity of antimony, were dubious to say the least. A fraudulent attempt to enter Parliament in 1717 forced him to leave the country quickly. After his pardon in 1733, he returned to London and established a successful practice. His medical prowess is immortalized in Hogarth's picture The Harlot's Progress.Sulphuric acid had been an important chemical for centuries and Ward found that he needed large quantities of it to make his remedies. He set up works to manufacture it at Twickenham, near London, in 1736 and then at Richmond three years later. His process consisted of burning a mixture of saltpetre (nitre; potassium nitrate) and sulphur in the neck of a large glass globe containing a little water. Dilute sulphuric acid was thereby formed, which was concentrated by distillation. Although the method was not new, having been described in the seventeenth century by the German chemist Johann Glauber, Ward was granted a patent for his process in 1749. An important feature was the size of the globes, which had no less than fifty gallons' capacity, which must have entailed considerable skill on the part of the glassblowers. Through the adoption of Ward's process, the price of this essential commodity fell from £2 per pound to only 2 shillings. It provided the best method of manufacture until the advent of the lead-chamber process invented by John Roebuck.[br]Further ReadingA.Clow and N.Clow, 1952, The Chemical Revolution: A Contribution to Social Technology, London: Batch worth.C.Singer et al. (eds), 1958, A History of Technology, 7 vols, Oxford: Clarendon Press, Vol. IV.LRD
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Lead chamber process — The lead chamber process was an industrial method used to produce sulfuric acid in large quantities. It has been largely supplanted by the contact process. In 1746 in Birmingham, England, John Roebuck began producing sulfuric acid in lead lined… … Wikipedia
lead-chamber process — ˈled noun : chamber process 1 … Useful english dictionary
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chamber process — noun 1. : a process of making sulfuric acid in which sulfur dioxide is oxidized by moist air with nitrogen oxides as catalyst in a series of lead lined chambers see gay lussac tower, glover tower 2. : a process of making basic carbonate white… … Useful english dictionary
chamber acid — noun Etymology: chamber (process) : sulfuric acid made by the chamber process; especially : the acid of less than 70 percent strength as it leaves the lead chambers before being concentrated … Useful english dictionary
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